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Moscow Cosmodamian Church on Maroseyka. Temple of Cosmas and Damian: history and modernity on Maroseyka Temple of Cosmas

The Temple of Cosmas and Damian appeared in Moscow on Maroseyka in 1793 on the site of an old church. The history of the parish is usually divided into two periods: the times of the old church and the modern. There is no reliable information about the construction of the old church. The first mention of the current parish was found in archival records of the 17th century.

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History of the old church

According to the records from 1625 in the book of the Patriarchal State Order on the distribution of salaries to churches according to the royal decree, the Cosmodamian Church was stone and one-story. She received this name from the aisle. At the same time, some documents mention her like the church of St. Nicholas. This is due to the fact that the church was two-altar:

  1. The main altar was erected in the name of St. Nicholas.
  2. The side altar was erected in the name of the holy unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian.

All architectural changes in the church began in 1651 with the construction of the bell tower and porch. Later, Princess Evdokia Andreevna Kurakina took over the arrangement. At their own expense, they erected a superstructure of the second upper tier. Nearby she put another church in the name. Her maintenance, including the payment of salaries to the psalmist and the priest, the princess provided from her own funds. In this period Cosmodamian Church in some archival records it is erroneously mentioned as Kazanskaya.

The unification of the two churches with their transfer to full subordination to the Cosmodamian clergy took place in 1771-1772.

Modern history

The Church of Cosmas and Damian was very dilapidated by the end of the 18th century. Hard times did not allow to provide decent care and necessary repairs at the expense of deductions from the royal treasury. Then the parishioners, led by Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Rodionovich Khlebnikov turned to Metropolitan Platon of Moscow in the summer of 1790 with a proposal to demolish the old church and build in its place a new temple of the Savior, Healer of the Paralytic. The parishioners planned to build a temple with two aisles at their own expense. The charter of the temple was issued to the colonel, who was actively working for the holy cause, in January 1791.

The well-known architect Kazakov worked on the project of the new shrine, who managed to intricately combine the serenian Cosmodamian chapel and the southern Nikolsky chapel into a single whole. The whole church was sustained in the form of a circle.

At this stage, the temple of the holy unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian in Kitay-Gorod got rid of the elements added at the time of the connection of the two churches. The main throne became dedicated Savior, Healer of the paralyzed, and the Nicholas Throne is located in the southern aisle. According to the main altar, the new temple began to be called Spassky, but according to the chapel behind it, the name Kosmodamiansky was retained.

The first services were held on December 18, 1793, after the consecration of the southern aisle. By this time, the main construction work had already been completed, and the southern aisle was well-decorated. The consecration of the northern aisle took place in the autumn of 1795, and the main one in the autumn of 1803.

During the hostilities of 1812, the Church of Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka was devastated. She, like most other churches in Moscow, lost its jewelry and property, so it took a very long time to restore it.

Until 1857, the temple was forced to be divided into two parts:

  1. The main chapel of the Savior, the healer of the paralyzed, was used only in the summer, and was locked for the winter. Only this year, an oven was installed in the basement of the church, which made it possible to heat the premises of the temple.
  2. Two aisles and a refectory were used in the winter. Due to the design features, the temple at that time became extremely cramped.

By the centenary of the consecration of the Nikolsky chapel, the temple was completely renovated externally and internally. On December 18, 1893, a religious procession took place around the renovated church.

Trials of the 20th century

In the thirties, many churches in Moscow and other cities in the Soviet space were devastated and destroyed. All relics and valuables of the temple of Cosmas and Damian were confiscated. But it was not possible to implement the order to blow up the holy relic. It was decided to use the building for industrial needs as a warehouse and a motorcycle club. In the future, the walls of the temple served to organize an archive and an art school.

The 60s brought another major overhaul to the temple. Inside, partitions and floor coverings not provided for by the original project were made. The ugliness of the interior was also reflected in the state of the temple: a serious list was found on the floor. At the same time, external work on the restoration and erection of gilded crosses was carried out in accordance with the approved plan. Numerous redevelopments have affected and general architectural composition: three houses belonging to the church were demolished in order to erect an administrative building.

Only in 1993, the holy architectural ensemble was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church by the relevant decree of the Government of the city of Moscow. The real renovation work began in the same year. Already in the fall in the right aisle of the temple, divine services took place in the central part, which were restored somewhat later.

Contemporary information about the temple

Rector of the Church of the Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian located in Moscow on the street. Maroseyka d 14/2, is Archpriest Fedor Aleksandrovich Borodin.

  • Lord, Healer of the paralyzed;
  • icon of St. Nicholas of Mirkliysky;
  • icon of the unmercenary and wonderworker Cosmas of Asia;
  • icon of the unmercenary and wonderworker Damian of Asia.

The annals mention several cases of healing the sick thanks to the icon of the Savior, the healer of the paralyzed. From different parts of Moscow pious citizens still come to worship this shrine. Prayer is performed before her every Saturday.

Schedule of other services:

On Sundays, they are held from 8.00, they include Liturgy, confession, a prayer service to St. Cosmas and Damian.

On Wednesdays - from 17.00 vespers with a prayer service.

Thursday at 8:00 am Matins, confession and Liturgy, at 18:00 prayer service to St. Boniface.

Built in 1791-93. according to the project of M.F. Kazakov at the expense of parishioners by order of Lieutenant Colonel M.R. Khlebnikov. Built on the site of the former stone church, which was preceded by a wooden church. The former temple was famous for the miraculous icon "Healing the Paralytic by the Savior." The main throne is Spassky (Healing by the Savior of the paralyzed), in the aisles - Sts. unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The church was closed in the 1920s. (according to other sources, in the early 1930s), icons and utensils were confiscated and disappeared. Restored in 1972. Re-consecrated in 1993.



The main throne of the church is consecrated in honor of the miraculous icon of the Savior, who healed the paralytic. This icon was glorified in the village of Vedernitsy near Moscow (see). Despite the dedication of the main altar, the church is often referred to as Kosmodamian - according to the left aisle. Before the construction of the Cossack church, there was an old church on this site, also called Kosmodamianskaya in its aisle - the main throne in it was consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas. It is not known when the old church was built, the oldest mentions of it date back to the beginning of the 17th century.

The current church was built in 1791-1793, but the work on its decoration continued until 1803. In 1793, the Nikolsky chapel was consecrated, in 1795 - Kosmodamiansky, and the main throne was consecrated only on October 4, 1803.

Until the middle of the 19th century, the church was divided into winter and summer halves: the main part of the temple with the throne of the Savior who healed the paralyzed was closed for the winter, and services were conducted only in the refectory and two aisles. In 1857, an oven was built in the basement under the church, and services throughout the church became year-round.



The Church of Cosmas and Damian, on Pokrovka, has been known since 1620. In 1639 it was made of stone. In 1651, a stone porch and a bell tower were added to it. At the end of the XVII century. the upper church of the Kazan Mother of God was built on. In 1722, the main throne of Nicholas the Wonderworker was listed.

The old church was demolished in 1791, the current one was built according to the project of M. F. Kazakov. The main throne of the Savior, who healed the paralyzed, was consecrated on October 4, 1803, Nikolsky chapel on December 18, 1793, Kosmodamian on October 21, 1795.

The old temple icons of this church and another, which since 1813 was ascribed, Adoration of the chains of the Apostle Peter, have been preserved. The last name recalls that Ivan the Terrible was married to the kingdom on January 16, 1547. The church is mentioned in the Incense Book of 1584 and in the census book of 1620. Stone was built by decree of Tsar Alexei in 1669 on the occasion that on 16 January 1647 was the day of the wedding of the tsar with Maria Ilinichnaya Miloslavskaya. At the church there was a chapel of the VMC. Catherine; the church was dismantled in 1840. The place of the church remains unbuilt, the lane is called Petroverigsky.

Alexandrovsky M.I. "Index of ancient churches in the area of ​​Ivanovo forty". Moscow, "Russian Printing", B. Sadovaya, house 14, 1917



The Cosmodamian temple that now exists on Maroseyka was built in 1793, but there was a church on the same place earlier, so two churches should be distinguished: the old one and the present one.

When exactly and by whom the old church was built - there is no exact information. It is authentically known that it existed at the beginning of the 17th century. So, this temple is mentioned in the book of the Patriarchal State Order for 1625 and in the “Book of the Royal Salary to Moscow Churches”. From the same testimonies it can be seen that the old church was stone, one-storey and two-altar: with the main altar in the name of St. Nicholas and the side altar in the name of Sts. unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian. Therefore, it was often called in ancient documents the Church of St. Nicholas, although the name according to the Cosmodamian chapel was also kept.

At first, the old church of Cosmas and Damian had neither a porch nor a bell tower; they were added only in 1651. At the end of the 17th century, under the care of Princess Evdokia Andreevna Kurakina, a second upper tier grew over the one-story building, and a new church was built here in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. So the old Cosmodamian temple got a third name - Kazan. At first, the church was only owned (supported by) Princess Kurakina, and the priest and psalmist, special from the Cosmodamian clergy, were kept at the expense of the princess. But in 1771 - 1772. the temple entered the administration of the Cosmodamian clergy and merged with the parish.

At the same time, that is, at the end of the 18th century, the Cosmodamian Church fell into complete disrepair. It was a difficult, critical period... But the All-merciful Heavenly Father did not leave her with His mercy, arousing the hearts of good people to zeal. Zealous for the glory of God, the parishioners came to the idea not of repairing, but of building a new church, and, moreover, with some change in structure. In July 1790, they went to Metropolitan Platon of Moscow with a petition to break down the old church and build a new one in its place in the name of the Savior, the Healer of the paralyzed, with two chapels: in the name of St. Nicholas and St. unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian. Thus, the main altar in the name of St. Nicholas, who was in the old church, was moved to the new one, to the southern aisle; the upper tier with the throne in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was destroyed, and the main throne was dedicated to the Savior, the Healer of the paralyzed.

It is remarkable that the name of the new temple along the chapel of Kosmodamiansky was still retained, although it was sometimes called Spassky by the main altar. This is the same temple that exists today. Almost all parishioners made more or less significant donations for the construction of this church, but at the head of the donors and the soul of the holy cause was Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Rodionovich Khlebnikov: a charter was issued in his name in January 1791.

In December 1793, the new Cosmodamian Church was completed in rough construction, and only the southern chapel in the name of St. Nicholas, who was consecrated on December 18 of the same 1793. From that time on, divine services began in the new church. After 2 years, namely, on October 21, 1795, the northern chapel was consecrated in the name of Sts. unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian, and the main one - in the name of the Savior, the Healer of the paralyzed, representing the only church in Moscow with such a name - was consecrated on October 4, 1803. It can be seen that the new Cosmodamian temple was built over 12 years.

The project of the famous Russian architect Matvey Kazakov wonderfully skillfully combines individual parts and lines. The arrangement of the aisles of the temple is original: the northern Kosmodamiansky and the southern Nikolsky. These aisles are placed in a space that has a strictly sustained circle shape. The present church and partly its altar also have the appearance of a circle.

During the invasion of Moscow by enemies in 1812, the Cosmodamian Church suffered a common fate with other churches, having lost a significant part of its property and decorations, and did not soon recover from the devastation that befell it.

Until 1857, the temple was divided into 2 halves: winter and summer. The “cold” temple in the name of the Savior, the Healer of the paralyzed, was locked for the winter, while the “warm” one consisted only of a refectory and two aisles and did not differ in capacity. In winter, it was especially crowded here, and in 1857 an oven was installed in the basement under the church. So the cold church became warm. Since that time, for almost 40 years, major capital work has not been carried out in the Cosmodamian Church. And in 1893 the temple was renovated inside and out. This magnificent renovation of the Cosmodamian Church was all the more pleasant because it coincided with the centennial anniversary of the construction and consecration of the Nikolsky chapel, which was celebrated with great solemnity on December 18, 1893, with a procession around the church with a huge gathering of pilgrims.

In the annals of the Cosmodamian Church, several cases of grace-filled healings received by the sick from the temple icon of the Savior, the Healer of the paralyzed, are recorded. This icon has been a particularly revered shrine since the very construction and consecration of this temple, attracting pious worshipers from different parts of the capital. This is especially noticeable on the temple, the only holiday in all of Moscow, celebrated on the third Sunday after Pascha. Since ancient times, it has been established to perform prayer before this holy icon every Saturday, at the end of the all-night vigil; moreover, a special troparion, a special prokeimenon, a special gospel and a special prayer of the highest degree are based on this prayer.

Priest Nikolai Romansky (Moscow, 1895)

In the early thirties, the temple shared the fate of many Russian shrines: the parish was dispersed, the icons and decorations of the temple were confiscated and they disappeared without a trace. A decree had already been signed on the explosion of the temple, but the Lord did not allow this. Subsequently, the building was used as a production warehouse, a motorcycle club, an archive, and art classes.

In the 1960s, three church houses were demolished, and a huge administrative building was built in their place, to which the temple was transferred for archive. In the same years, a partial restoration of the church was carried out - after external repairs, the external decoration of the temple was restored, gilded crosses were erected. However, the interior was disfigured by a storey ceiling and many partitions. Due to numerous redevelopments, the floor gave a strong bias.

On June 22, 1993, a decree of the Government of Moscow was issued on the transfer of the building of the Cosmodamian Church to the Russian Orthodox Church. Repair work began, prayers were resumed to the Savior and Saints Cosmas and Damian. On November 14, 1993, on the feast day of the holy unmercenaries and miracle workers Cosmas and Damian, the first Liturgy was held in the right aisle. Some time later, worship was restored in the central altar.

http://www.hram-kosmadamian.ru

In Moscow and the Moscow region there are several churches consecrated in honor of the holy unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian. For example, to find one of them, you can go to Khimki. There is also a temple of Cosmas and Damian in the very center - in a place called Shubino, which is near Tverskaya Street. Another one is located on Maroseyka Street. That is what we will talk about in this article.

History of the old temple

The building of the Kosmodemyanovsky temple was built in 1793 on the site of the former church. So, it is difficult to say exactly how many years the Orthodox parish has been located in this place. It is only known that it was already at the beginning of the seventeenth century, that is, in the 1600s. There is also evidence that the former temple was made of stone and had two altars, with the chapel in honor of Cosmas and Damian being secondary, and the main altar of the temple was consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, or maybe a little earlier, the temple of Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka acquired a second tier, where an altar was built in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. This church was maintained by Princess Evdokia Kurakina, until at the end of the eighteenth century she switched to parish support.

new temple

The need to rebuild the church building was caused by the dilapidation of the building, in which it became unsafe to perform religious rites. Therefore, the parish council decided to demolish the old building and build a new one; the petition was submitted in 1790 to the then ruling bishop of the Moscow metropolis, Metropolitan Platon.

The modern temple of Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka is the very new temple. At the same time, its central chapel was consecrated in honor of the Savior, the healer of the paralyzed. But this happened only in 1803. And the first consecration took place in 1793, when the construction work of the southern aisle in honor of St. Nicholas was completed. The Northern Kosmodemyanovsky chapel was consecrated in 1795.

Temple of Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka after 1812

During the devastating intervention of the French army in Moscow in 1812, the temple was significantly damaged. Much of its beauty has been lost, and it took many more years to rebuild the church.

Temple in the XX-XXI centuries

The Temple of Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka entered the twentieth century with a rich and magnificent building. But ruin awaited him again, but this time not at the hands of foreign invaders, but from the Soviet government. With the change of power in Russia, religious policy changed dramatically, and this affected all the churches in the country, including the temple of Cosmas and Damian. Moscow, overwhelmed by the atheistic zeal of the communists, lost many beautiful Kosmodemyanovsk church was also ordered to blow up, but this was not destined to happen. As a result, the building of the temple played the role of an archive, a club, an educational institution or even a warehouse.

In the 60s, several church buildings were nevertheless demolished to make way for the construction of a large administrative building. At the same time, the gradual restoration of the building began. The external church decoration was even restored, including gilded crosses on the domes. Inside, however, the church was still a non-church building. In addition, from the frequent redevelopment of its space, it fell into disrepair.

Finally, in the summer of 1993, by a decree of the Moscow government, the building was returned to the believers of the Orthodox community of the Russian Orthodox Church. And already in the autumn of the same year, the first, starting from the 30s, liturgy was celebrated in it in the side aisle. This happened on November 14, that is, on the feast of Cosmas and Damian. A little later, services began to be held in the main aisle, although restoration work continues to this day.

The Church on Maroseyka is located between a modern skyscraper with a glass facade on one side and a busy highway on the other. It seems as if it was accidentally "placed" in the center of a noisy and dusty metropolis. Although Moscow has grown up around it for four centuries.

History of the monastery

The modern building of the Cosmodamian Church in Moscow is not the first on this site. At first, a wooden church stood here, which burned twice: in 1547 and 1629. After the second fire, the temple was built from stone.

Temple of the Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka

The main altar of the stone church was dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, so they often called it Nikolaevskaya. A chapel was dedicated to the Holy Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian. Over time, a porch was added, a bell tower was erected, and then the second floor. Another church was built there and dedicated to the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

By the end of the 18th century, the building was almost completely dilapidated, and the parishioners decided to build a new one. In July 1790, construction began on this site of the temple, in which:

  • the main chapel in honor of the healing of the paralyzed by the Savior;
  • the southern aisle was consecrated in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker;
  • the northern aisle - the holy Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian.

The Kosmodamianovsky chapel remained the only one unchanged, and therefore the name of the church took root among the people.

Until the middle of the 19th century, the temple consisted of two parts. The unheated main aisle was closed for the winter. In the warm part, which included only the chapels and the refectory, there was little space. Thanks to the device in the basement of the furnace, the entire space began to be used in the winter.

In the 1930s, the temple was under the threat of destruction: a decree on blasting was signed, but not executed. In Soviet times, the church premises housed a warehouse, an archive, and drawing classes.

The transfer of the building to the archive coincided with the destruction of three buildings on its territory and the partial restoration of the external decoration. Even the crosses were re-erected. Inside there was a string of ceilings. All this happened in the 1960s.

Temple Icon of Saints Cosmas and Damian

The Russian Orthodox Church returned the temple of Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka in 1993. The first Liturgy after the restoration was served on the patronal feast day of Cosmas and Damian on November 14 of the same year.

Temple today

Today, divine services in the Church of Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka are held regularly:


On the days of Orthodox holidays, regardless of the day of the week, the Liturgy begins at 9:00, and at 17:00 on the eve they serve a vigil.

On a note! You can confess in the Cosmodamian Church in the morning on any day when the Liturgy is served.

Since the restoration of church life in the Church of the Holy Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian in Moscow, Archpriest Fyodor Borodin has remained its permanent rector.

parish life

The life of the community is built around several lines of service. They work here:

  • historical and cultural educational center, which holds film lectures, open meetings and lectures, musical evenings;
  • catechism groups "Discovery of Faith" for those who are preparing to be baptized themselves or become godparents;
  • Gospel readings;
  • social service;
  • Sunday School.

The youngest pupils of the Sunday school at the church of Cosmas and Damian are about one and a half years old. They are engaged in modeling, drawing, dancing and playing. For the little ones, the Sunday service consists of a common prayer. With the onset of summer, older pupils do not depart from church life, but go on a kayaking trip with the arrival.

shrines

In the temple of Cosmas and Damian in Moscow, you can bow:

  • the icon of the Savior who healed the paralyzed;
  • the relics and icon of the Holy Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian;
  • the relics of the holy martyr. Boniface;
  • relics of St. Luke of the Crimean (Voino-Yasenetsky).

Patronal feasts

The Church of Cosmas and Damian in Moscow has three altars, so there are many holidays near the temple.

  • The main temple celebration takes place on the Week of the Paralytic in memory of the Savior's healing of the paralytic at the Sheep's font.

The week of the paralyzed is celebrated annually on different days, but only on the fourth Sunday after Easter. In 2018, this day fell on April 29, the Orthodox celebrated Easter on April 8.

Patronal feast in the Church of the Holy Unmercenaries and Wonderworkers Cosmas and Damian on Maroseyka

  • On November 14, the memory of the holy Unmercenaries and miracle workers Cosmas and Damian of Assia is celebrated.
  • Several times a year the Church commemorates St. Nicholas, Archbishop of Myra, the miracle worker.
Important! The most famous day of memory of St. Nicholas is December 19, the day of the Assumption. In addition, it is customary to honor the day of the transfer of his relics to Bari on May 22 and Christmas on August 11.

How to get there

The Temple of Cosmas and Damian is located at the intersection of Maroseyka Street and Starosadsky Lane at ul. Maroseyka, 14/2, building 3.