It is not difficult to answer the question of what a detinets is. The central, most fortified part of the city in ancient Rus', later called the Kremlin.

The meaning of the word detinets

Appearing in chronicles since 1097, this word has been widely used for several centuries. In 1317, when the new name of the city center was first noted in the description of construction in Tver - the Kremlin, which quickly became fashionable, the use and understanding of what a citadel is, began to disappear from everyday life and disappeared altogether.

The defensive value of the child

The ancient Russian state, located on the way "from the Varangians to the Greeks", had an attractive territory for many external invaders. Internal disagreements were also resolved exclusively by military methods. In the communities of that period, the presence of warriors and the defense of the settlement were really matters of survival.

The most inaccessible place for the enemy, located on the top of a hill, surrounded by ditches and wooden prisons, is the citadel. could keep the defense for a long time, hiding the population of the city behind the walls, there is no doubt.

From childhood, boys were taught the basics of military affairs, the possession of weapons, regardless of the occupation in the future. To protect the settlement, and later the city, they stood up with the whole world.

Civil appointment of a child

The northern neighbors called the Russian lands "Gardariki", that is, a country with many fortified cities, with its center in Veliky Novgorod.

And there really were a lot of cities. Fragmented into Rus' did not know a single control, being constantly in a state of internecine wars. The princes and their numerous descendants, having received lands for reigning, built their own cities for living and fortified cities to protect their destinies.

First of all, a citadel was built. The determination of its location was dictated by natural conditions. A high place and a river are the basic requirements for its appearance. Being a stronghold of princely power, it was settled, first of all, by noble and wealthy citizens. Princes, boyars and clergy erected their chambers and palaces here, they were served by numerous servants.

But the city was open to both artisans and merchants who rushed here in search of work and protection. Trade took place mainly along the river. Farmers settled on the outskirts or outside the city walls, closer to their allotments.

The city grew around, occupying the entire area of ​​the fortress, and then going beyond it. The center of city life, in all its manifestations, became the citadel. That the location of power and wealth took on such great importance is not surprising. With its streets and shopping areas, it was a city within a city.

The spiritual meaning of the child

The church in the citadel was built simultaneously with the walls. With God's help, the townspeople both built their city and defended it. As the settlement grew, many other churches were built around the citadel, but the main city temple remained the one that was inside the fortress walls.

The highest clergy of the city settled next to him, and no expense was spared for decorating such temples. It was here that the highest bell tower was located, which also served as a watchtower. And here they went to a prayer service in anticipation of an attack by the enemy.

Novgorod detinets

The Kremlin in is the oldest Kremlin in Russia that can be visited today. He saved not only the walls, towers and buildings, which are the most valuable monuments, but also his original name.

Chronicles say that in 1044 on the Volkhov River, Prince Vladimir Yaroslavovich (son of Yaroslav the Wise) began to build a citadel. No one could have imagined that such a structure would stand in one place for almost a thousand years.

A year later, the construction of the main Novgorod cathedral, the St. Sophia Cathedral, began, which was consecrated seven years later. The stone church, painted half a century after construction, has preserved a small part of the frescoes to this day. The main part of the painting is the century before last. Today it is the Cathedral Church of the Novgorod Metropolis.

The wooden citadel burned and was restored again, but years and troubles spared it. Today we can see stone walls 8-15 meters high; 9 out of 12 towers; Vladychnaya (Faceted) Chamber of the 15th century; other ancient monuments.

The monument to the millennium of Rus', erected in 1862, occupies the central place on the Kremlin square.

The buildings on the territory since 1865 have been occupied by the Novgorod Museum-Reserve, many expositions and exhibitions of which are open to the public. Today there is a regional scientific library, a music school, a philharmonic society. Citizens are sure that the best place in Novgorod is their citadel, that such proximity to city cultural institutions contributes to the preservation of historical value and makes it accessible to people at the same time.

Origin of the word "baby"

Having found out what detinets is, where the surviving ancient monument is located in Russia, and what place it occupied and occupies in the life of citizens a thousand years ago and today, I would like to understand the origin of the word itself.

According to Wikipedia, there are several opinions on this matter:

1. Metropolitan Evgeny (Bolkhovitinov) in 1808 suggested that the word “children” was the same root, which were hidden behind the walls during the attack of enemies.

2. M. Kh. Aleshkovsky believed that the prince's combatants (youths, children), living in the fortress, gave her such a name. Experts refute this interpretation, arguing that only the clergy lived in the Novgorod citadel, the princes lived nearby, in Gorodishe.

3. F. Laskovsky is sure that the word comes from the verb "child". In case of danger, they hid behind the walls, "did" all the most valuable things, from treasures to children.

4. According to Academician Yanin, the origin of the word is connected with gatherings on the territory of grandfathers-elders who solve important issues.

One day may not be enough to get acquainted with the Novgorod citadel. To visit the nearby monasteries, city streets and attractions that Veliky Novgorod is rich in, you need much more time.

see also

Origin of the word

Most researchers associate its origin with the word children. So, for example, Evgeny (Bolkhovitinov) in 1808 expressed the version that during enemy invasions, children (in order to save them) were taken to the fortress. Hence the name - "child". Archaeologist of the Novgorod citadel M.X. Aleshkovsky believed that the fortress was called detinets because it was inhabited by princely combatants, called youths, children's. But the princes never lived in the Novgorod citadel itself; here was the residence of the Novgorod rulers. The princes lived on the Settlement or, possibly, not far from the Volkhov - on the Yaroslav's Court.

F. Laskovsky suggests the origin of the word from the verb child(put, place), based on the fact that the fortress was the place where, in case of danger, the most important things were placed: church shrines, property, wives and children. According to Academician V. L. Yanin, the name "detinets" is possibly associated with the oldest people - grandfathers- the elders who gathered there to solve various issues. As proof, the academician cites yard "Dedinets" Krakow fortress in Wawel, which performed the same function. There is also a version of the origin of the word from Today's hail(from day-, which means inside) .

Notes

Links

• Detinets - article in the Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary for the Humanities

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

• Cuckoo (film)
• Digora

See what "Detinets" is in other dictionaries:

KIDS- DETINETS, the name of the internal fortification in a Russian medieval city around the residence of a prince or bishop. From the 14th century replaced by the term Kremlin. Source: Encyclopedia Fatherland 1) the same as today's city, 2) detinets, or kremnik, the same as ... ... Russian history

detinets- kremlin, center, citadel, krom Dictionary of Russian synonyms. detinets n., number of synonyms: 4 kremlin (5) krom ... Synonym dictionary

KIDS- the name of the internal fortification in a Russian medieval city around the residence of a prince or bishop. From the 14th century replaced by the term Kremlin... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

KIDS- a kremlin, a fortress, a citadel in a medieval Russian city, its central part, fortified with a wooden or stone fence, where the prince's combatants usually lived. In the XIV century. the term "D." almost universally replaced by the word "Kremlin", with the exception of ... ... Legal Encyclopedia

Detinets- name topographically isolated fortified part of other Rus. city ​​(inner fortress). It was located on a hill (Kremlin, Upper Castle, Castle Hill), in contrast to Podol in the lower part of the city, D. the administrative center (princely palaces, ... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

Detinets- or Dneshny grad in the old Russian fortification (XII-XIII century) the citadel, in general, the inner stone or wooden fence of the fortified city (the old word day meant inner) was called Dneshny grad, and in Nestorovaya and Lavrentievskaya ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

detinets- nca; m. East. The central fortified part of the ancient Russian city, surrounded by walls. * * * Detinets is the name of an internal fortification in a Russian medieval town around the residence of a prince or bishop. From the 14th century replaced by the term "Kremlin". * * *… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Detinets Construction dictionary

Detinets- an internal fortification in a medieval Russian city, covering the princely residence and the courtyard of the church lord with walls and towers. The term detinets is used in the annals until the 14th century, later it is replaced by the name kremlin or existing ... ... Architectural Dictionary

detinets- I child II. childhood illness, epilepsy, dial. paralysis. taboo expression; see Zelenin, Taboo 2, 82. From a child. II citadel ntsa I. fortification, stronghold, courtyard of the fortress (as opposed to stockade stockade, external fortification), dial. Also … Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Fasmer

Detinets in Rus'

First letter "k"

Second letter "r"

Third letter "e"

The last beech is the letter "b"

Answer for the clue "Detinets in Rus'", 6 letters:
Kremlin

Alternative questions in crossword puzzles for the word kremlin

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In the dictionary of V. I. Dahl, this word is given, among other things, such a definition: "The best part of the reserve, a strong and large timber forest", but usually this word is used to refer to a structure that in the old days, obviously, was built from such a forest.

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Word definitions for kremlin in dictionaries

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The meaning of the word in the dictionary Great Soviet Encyclopedia
the central fortified part of the Russian feudal city. First mentioned in the annals under 1331 ("flint"). Other names were also used - "detinets" (before the 14th century), "city", "city" (before the 16th-17th centuries). K. was usually located on a high place, often near the coast ...

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova. The meaning of the word in the dictionary New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
m. The Moscow Kremlin as the seat of the head of state.

Examples of the use of the word kremlin in the literature.

Some time go down in Kremlin moved Sverdlov, Avanesov, Demyan Bedny and a number of other comrades.

Another day or two passed, Avanesov summoned me again and presented me with the decision of the Cheka: Kaplan - shoot, sentence to carry out the commandant Kremlin Malkov.

Left face to face with me in his office, Avanesov spoke: - We must decisively strengthen the security Kremlin especially during the day.

Therefore, Avanesov warned me about the need to strengthen security Kremlin, increase sentinel alertness.

Two weeks before the interrogation of Beria, I was summoned to Kremlin with Stamenov's intelligence file, where I reported the details of our conversation to Khrushchev, Bulganin, Molotov and Malenkov.