Names of the highest mountains in the world. Where is the highest point on our planet? The highest mountains in Australia and Oceania

There is nothing more impressive than the view of the highest mountains. They are breathtaking. These 10 high mountains are the dream of all climbers and adventurers in the world. The expeditions that have been organized to conquer these dangerous regions are very long and cost a fortune. Only a handful of people were able to conquer these peaks.

All these mountains are located in Asia. The huge Himalayas and the Karakoram are impressive. The most famous mountain - of course - the roof of the Earth, the great Everest or Chomolungma. There is another mountain, the second highest - rocky Chogori (the northernmost eight-thousander in the world, it is also known as K2). But the other 8 peaks are no less exciting and magnificent. We want to show you the highest mountains in the world. If you have an indomitable and free spirit, look through the photos and choose for yourself the peak that you would like to conquer!

10. Annapurna mountain range

These mountains are the smallest among the giants. Their height is "only" 8091 meters above sea level. They are in Nepal.

Photo: GraceMarcellaNorman/flickr

Photo: Lev Yakupov/flickr

Photo: Nomad Tales/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/)

9. Nanga Parbat

This Himalayan beauty rises to 8126 meters above sea level. Located in Pakistan.

Photo: Adeel Anwer/flickr

Photo: Guilhem Vellut/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Photo: Ahmed Sajjad Zaidi/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/)

8. Manaslu

Manaslu is located in Nepal. The height of this mountain is 8163 meters above sea level. This is only 4 meters lower than the 7th highest peak in the world.

Photo: ::ErWin/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/)

Photo: Great Himalaya Trails/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/)

Photo: Great Himalaya Trails/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/)

7. Dhaulagiri

Mount Dhaulagiri is the seventh highest in the world. Its height is 8167 meters above sea level. It is also located in Nepal.

Photo: Neil Young/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/)

Photo: Brigitte Nau/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/)

Photo: Charles Ng/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

6. Cho Oyu

The peak of Cho Oyu or "Turquoise Goddess" is located on the border of Nepal and Tibet (China). Its height is 8188 meters above sea level.

Photo: Lindsey Nicholson/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Photo: McKay Savage/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Photo: Lindsey Nicholson/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

5. Makalu

Makalu is located 16 kilometers southeast of Everest, near the border between Nepal and Tibet (China). Its height is 8485 meters above sea level.

Photo: Vojtech Holoubek/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Photo: melanie_ko/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Photo: cksom/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/)

4. Lhotse

The height of the fourth highest mountain in the world, Lhotse, is 8516 meters above sea level. It is located on the border of Nepal and Tibet.

Photo: Stefanos Nikologianis/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Photo: rajkumar1220/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Photo: Stefanos Nikologianis/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

3. Kanchenjunga

Kanchenjunga is another neighbor of Everest, located about 161 km east of the highest peak. Its height is 8586 meters above sea level. Located on the border of India and Nepal.

Photo: A.Ostrovsky/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/)

Photo: Imtiaz Tonmoy/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Photo: Matt Stabile/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

2. Peak K2

K2, also known as Mount Godwin Austen and Dapsang. Its local name is Chogori, which means Great Mountain. Its height is 8611 meters above sea level. Located on the border of Pakistan and China.

Photo: Stefanos Nikologianis/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Photo: Marc Vilaregut/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/)

1. Everest

And, finally, Mount Everest or Chomolungma (translated from Tibetan - the Divine Mother of vital energy). This is the highest mountain in the world. Its height is 8848 meters above sea level. Located on the border of Nepal and China.

Photo: Mário Simoes/flickr (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Source: worldinsidepictures.com

Can you imagine yourself standing on these twenty-five highest peaks in the world? Think about it. Let's estimate their height above sea level, starting from Mount Everest. In this case, the highest peak is in the Himalayas.

Unfortunately, this method has a difficulty. It consists in determining what is considered the base of the mountain. Therefore, one usually measures "relative height" (how much the mountain rises above the surrounding landscape).

Thus, although the summit of Kilimanjaro is not as high above sea level as any peak in the Himalayas, the difference between its base and peak is much greater. With that in mind, here are the 25 highest mountains in the world.

25. Pico Bolivar

Bolivar Peak is the highest mountain in Venezuela, its height is 4978 meters. The peak is located in the state of Mérida and its summit is permanently covered with grainy ice and has three small glaciers.

24. Volcano Tahumulco (Volcano Tahumulco)

Tajumulco Volcano is a large stratovolcano located in the department of San Marcos in western Guatemala. This is the highest mountain in Central America, reaching a height of 4,220 meters. There is some historical evidence that Tahumulco has erupted in the past, but none of it is relevant to the present.

23. Mount Ras Dashen

Ras Dashen is the highest mountain in Ethiopia and the tenth highest mountain in Africa. As part of the Semien Mountains National Park, it reaches a height of 4,550 meters.

K2 is the second highest mountain on Earth after Everest and is located on the border of Pakistan and China. It is also called the "Wild Mountain" due to the death rate of those who choose to climb it. For every four people who reach the summit, there is one death. Unlike Annapurna, the mountains with the highest fatality rate among those who reach its summit, K2 is never climbed in winter.

21. Mount Rainier

Mount Rainier is a massive stratovolcano located 87 km southeast of Seattle in the state of Washington, USA. It is the highest mountain in the contiguous United States and the Volcanic Arc, with a summit height of 4,392 m.

20. Mount Kinabalu

Mount Kinabalu is located on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It is located in the eastern Malaysian state of Sabah and is protected as the Kinabalu National Park, a World Heritage Site.

19. Namjagbarwa

Namjagbarwa is a mountain in the Tibetan Himalayas. According to the traditional definition of the Himalayas as a mountain range stretching from the Indus River to the Brahmaputra, this mountain is the eastern anchor of the entire mountain range, and the highest peak in its segment, as well as the easternmost peak of the Earth with a height of more than 7,600 meters.

18. Peak Bogda

Bogda Peak or Bogda Feng is the highest mountain of the Bogda Shan Range, located in the Eastern Tien Shan Mountains, China, with a height of 5,445 m.

17. Chimborazo

Chimborazo is a currently inactive stratovolcano located in the Western Cordillera of the Andes. Its last eruption is believed to have occurred around 550 AD. Its height is 6268 meters and Chimborazo is the highest mountain in Ecuador.

16. Jengish Chokusu

Jenish Chokusu is the highest mountain in the Tien Shan mountain system with a height of 7,439 m. It is located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and southeast of Lake Issyk-Kul.

15. Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea is a volcano on the island of Hawaii. Reaching a height of 4,207 meters above sea level, its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii.

14. Nanga Parbat

Nanga Parbat (literally Naked Mountain) is the ninth highest mountain in the world and the western anchor of the Himalayas. Located in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, it has a high peak that rises above the surrounding landscape, and several tragic stories are associated with its ascent.

13. Klyuchevskaya Sopka

Klyuchevskaya Sopka is a stratovolcano, which is the highest mountain on the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia and the highest active volcano in Eurasia. Its steep symmetrical cone rises about 100 kilometers from the Bering Sea.

12. Mount Damavand

Mount Damavand is a potentially active volcano and the highest peak in Iran, holding a special place in Persian mythology and folklore. It is located in the middle ridge of Elbrus next to the highest volcano in all of Asia.

11. Mont Blanc

Mont Blanc (in French) or Monte Bianco (in Italian), "White Mountain" is the highest mountain in the Alps, Western Europe and the European Union, at 4,810.45 meters above sea level.

10. Mount Elbrus

Mount Elbrus is a dormant volcano located in the Western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, near the Georgian border. Its peak is the highest in the Caucasus.

9. Punchak Jaya (Punchak Jaya)

The 4,884 m tall Puncak Jaya or Carstensz Pyramid is the highest peak of Mount Carstensen in the Sudirman Range in the western central highlands of Papua Province, Indonesia.

8. Vinson Massif

The Vinson Massif is Antarctica's highest mountain, located in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, which rise above the Ronne Ice Shelf at the base of the Antarctic Peninsula.

7. Pico de Orizaba (Pico de Orizaba)

The Pico de Orizaba stratovolcano is the highest mountain in Mexico and the third highest in North America. It rises to 5,636 meters above sea level in the eastern part of the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt, on the border between the states of Veracruz (Veracruz) and Puebla (Puebla).

6. Mount Logan

Mount Logan is the highest mountain in Canada and the second highest peak in North America after Mount McKinley.

5. Peak Cristobal Colón (Pico Cristóbal Colón)

Named after Christopher Columbus, Cristobal Colón is the highest mountain in Colombia, with an estimated height of 5,700 meters.

4. Mount Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro with its three volcanic cones, Kibo, Mawenzi and Shira, is a dormant volcano in Kilimanjaro National Park, Tanzania. It is the highest peak in Africa at 5,895 meters above sea level.

3. Mount McKinley (McKinley)

Mount McKinley or Denali in Alaska is the highest mountain peak in the United States and North America, with a summit elevation of 6,194 meters above sea level.

2. Mount Aconcagua

Aconcagua is the highest mountain in America with a height of 6,960.8 m. It is located in the Andes mountain range, in the province of Mendoza (Mendoza), Argentina, and is located 112 km northwest of the capital city of Mendoza (Mendoza).

1.Mount Everest

Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, peaking at 8,848 meters above sea level. It is also the highest mountain in the world from base to summit. The Tibetan name for Everest, Chomolungma, translates as "Third Goddess", and the mountain is located in the Mahalangur range in the Himalayas. The international border between China and Nepal runs exactly along the top of the mountain.

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The highest mountain peaks of the world by mountain systems. Table.

Note: Dear visitors, hyphens in long words in the table are set for the convenience of mobile users - otherwise the words will not wrap and the table will not fit on the screen. Thanks for understanding!

However, if we take as a basis the height not above sea level, but from the base of the mountain, then the recognized leader among the highest mountains in the world becomes Mauna Kea is a shield volcano located in the Hawaiian Islands.

The height of Mauna Kea from the base to the top is 10203 meters, which is 1355 meters higher than Chomolungma. Most of the mountain is hidden under water, and above sea level Mauna Kea rises to 4205 meters.

The Mauna Kea volcano is about a million years old. The volcano's activity peaked during the shield stage about 500,000 years ago. Currently, the volcano is recognized as inactive - according to scientists, the last eruption was 4-6 thousand years ago.

The highest mountains in the world by continent. Descriptions of the seven highest peaks of the world by parts of the world.

"Seven Peaks" is a climbing project that includes the highest peaks of the world in parts of the world. North and South America, as well as Europe and Asia are considered separately. Climbers who have conquered all seven peaks become members of the "7 Peaks Club"

List of "seven peaks":

• Chomolungma (Everest) (Asia)
• Aconcagua (South America)
• McKinley (North America)
• Kilimanjaro (Africa)
• Elbrus or Mont Blanc (Europe)
• Vinson Massif (Antarctica)
• Kosciuszko (Australia) or Carstens Pyramid (Puncak Jaya) (Australia and Oceania)

The seven highest mountain peaks in the parts of the world. Map.

Chomolungma (Everest) - the first of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Asia and the highest peak in the world.

Chomolungma belongs to the Himalayas, the Mahalangur-Himal range. The southern peak (8760 m) lies on the border of Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region (China), the Northern (main) peak (8848 m) is located on the territory of China.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Chomolungma are 27°59′17″ s. sh. 86°55′31″ E d.

The fact that Chomolungma (Everest) is the highest mountain in the world was determined by the Indian mathematician and topographer Radhanat Sikdar in 1852 on the basis of trigonometric calculations, when he was in India, 240 km from Chomolungma.

The highest mountain in the world and Asia has the shape of a trihedral pyramid. The southern slope is steeper, snow and firn are not kept on it, so it is exposed. Many glaciers descend from the top of the mountain range, ending at an altitude of 5000 meters.

The first ascent of the largest mountain in the world was made on May 29, 1953 by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary through the South Col.

The climate of the highest peak in the world, Chomolungma, is extremely harsh. The wind speed there reaches 55 m/s, and the air temperature drops to -60 °C. As a result, climbing the highest mountain in the world is fraught with many difficulties. Despite the modern equipment and equipment used by climbers, for every twentieth of them, conquering the highest peak in the world is the last thing in life. From 1953 to 2014, about 200 climbers died on the slopes of Everest.

aconcagua- the second of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in South America and the highest peak in the western and southern hemispheres of the Earth.

Mount Aconcagua is located in the central Andes in Argentina. The absolute height is 6962 m. The highest peak in South America was formed during the collision of the Nazca and South American lithospheric plates. The mountain has many glaciers, the largest of which are northeastern (Polish Glacier) and eastern.

The geographic coordinates of Mount Aconcagua are 32°39′S. sh. 70°00′ W d.

Climbing the highest peak of the western and southern hemispheres of the Earth is technically considered easy if carried out along the northern slope. From the south or southwest, conquering the summit of Aconcagua is much more difficult. The first ascent of the highest mountain in South America was recorded in 1897 by the expedition of the Englishman Edward Fitzgerald.

McKinley- the third of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in North America. Height - 6168 meters.

The geographical coordinates of Mount McKinley are 63°04′10″ s. sh. 151°00′26″ W d.

Mount McKinley is located in Alaska, in the center of the Denali National Park. Until 1867, it was considered the highest peak of the Russian Empire, until Alaska was sold to the United States. The first explorer of Mount McKinley is the Russian leader of the expedition, Lavrenty Alekseevich Zagoskin, who first saw it from two sides.

The highest mountain in North America was first climbed by American climbers under the command of the Rev. Hudson Stack, who reached the top of the mountain on March 17, 1913.

Mount McKinley used to be called differently. The Athabaskan Indians - the indigenous people - called her Denali, which means "great." While Alaska belonged to the Russian Empire, the mountain was simply called "Big Mountain". In 1896, the highest mountain in North America received its modern name in honor of the 25th American president.

kilimanjaro- the fourth of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Africa. Height - 5,891.8 m.

The geographic coordinates of Mount Kilimanjaro are 3°04′00″ S. sh. 37°21′33″ E d.

Kilimanjaro is a potentially active stratovolcano in northeastern Tanzania. The highest peak in Africa consists of three main peaks, which are also extinct volcanoes: Shira in the west with 3,962 meters above sea level, Kibo 5,891.8 meters in the center and Mawenzi with 5,149 meters in the east.

The top of the Kibo volcano is covered with an ice cap. Once this cap was clearly visible from afar, but at present the glacier is actively melting. Over the past 100 years, the glacier covering the top of Africa's highest mountain has shrunk by more than 80%. The melting of the glacier is associated with a decrease in precipitation associated with deforestation in the area adjacent to the mountain. According to some scientists, the Kilimanjaro ice cap will disappear by 2020.

The first ascent of the highest peak in Africa was made in 1889 by Hans Meyer. Climbing Kilimanjaro is not considered difficult from a technical point of view, although it is incredibly spectacular. Due to the proximity to the equator, all types of altitudinal zonality are represented on the mountain, which the climber sequentially passes one after another. Thus, in the process of ascent, you can see all the main climatic zones of the Earth in a few hours.

Elbrus- the fifth of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Europe and the highest peak in Russia.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Elbrus are 43°20′45″ s. sh. 42°26′55″ E d.

The border between Asia and Europe is ambiguous, as a result of which there are disputes whether Elbrus belongs to Europe. If yes, then this mountain is the highest point in Europe. If not, then the palm goes to Mont Blanc, which is discussed below.

Elbrus is located in the Greater Caucasus, on the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. It is the highest mountain in Russia. The highest peak in Europe is a two-peak saddle-shaped volcano cone. The western peak has a height of 5642 m, the eastern one - 5621 m. The last eruption was in the 50s of our era.

The largest mountain in Europe is covered with glaciers with a total area of ​​134.5 km²; the most famous of them: Big and Small Azau, Terskol.

The first documented ascent of Mount Elbrus dates back to 1829 and was made during an expedition led by General G. A. Emmanuel, head of the Caucasian fortified line. Climbing Mount Elrus according to the climbing classification is not technically difficult. Although there are routes of increased complexity.

Vinson Massif- the sixth of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain of Antarctica. Height - 4897 meters.

The geographical coordinates of the Vinson Massif are 78°31′31″ S. sh. 85°37′01″ W d.

The Vinson Massif is located 1200 km from the South Pole and is part of the Ellsworth Mountains. The massif is 21 km long and 13 km wide. The highest peak of the Vinson Massif is Vinson Peak.

The highest mountain in Antarctica was discovered by American pilots in 1957. The first ascent of the highest peak on the southern continent was made on December 18, 1966 by Nicholas Clinch.

Mont Blanc- the highest mountain in Europe, the fifth of the "seven peaks", if Elbrus belongs to Asia. Height - 4810 meters.

The geographical coordinates of Mont Blanc are 45°49′58″ s. sh. 6°51′53″ E d.

The highest peak in Europe is located in the Alps mountain system on the border of France and Italy. Mount Mont Blanc is part of the Mont Blanc crystalline massif with a length of about 50 km. The ice cover of the massif covers an area of ​​200 km², the largest glacier is the Mer de Glace.

The first ascent of the highest point in Europe, Mont Blanc, was made by Jacques Balmat and Dr. Michel Paccard on August 8, 1786. In 1886, during his honeymoon, the highest mountain in Europe was conquered by the future President of the United States of America, Theodore Roosevelt.

Kosciuszko- the seventh of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in continental Australia. Height - 2228 meters.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Kosciuszko are 36°27′ S. sh. 148°16′ E d.

The highest peak of the Australian continent is located in the Australian Alps in the south of the state of New South Wales on the territory of the national park of the same name. Mount Kosciuszko was discovered in 1840.

The first ascent of the highest mountain in Australia in 1840 was made by the Polish traveler, geographer and geologist Pavel Edmund Strzelecki. He also named the mountain in honor of the military and political figure Tadeusz Kosciuszko.

Pyramid of Carstens (Punchak Jaya)- the seventh of the "seven peaks", the highest mountain in Australia and Oceania.

There is disagreement about which mountain to rank as the last, seventh peak. If we take into account only the Australian continent, then this will be Kosciuszko Peak. If we consider the whole of Australia and Oceania, then it will be the Carstens Pyramid with a height of 4884 m. In this regard, there are currently two Seven Summits programs, including the first and second options. But the main option is still recognized as a program with the Carstens Pyramid.

The geographical coordinates of Mount Punchak Jaya are 4°05′ S. sh. 137°11′ E d.

Mount Punchak Jaya is located in the western part of the island of New Guinea and is part of the Maoke massif. The highest peak in Oceania is also the highest mountain located on the island. The mountain was discovered in 1623 by the Dutch explorer Jan Carstens. Punchak Jaya is sometimes called the Carstens Pyramid after him.

The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1962 by a group of four Austrian climbers led by Heinrich Harrer.

The highest mountains in the world by continent and country. The highest peaks of the Earth.

Note: there is still debate among scientists whether or not the Caucasus Mountains should be included in Europe. If so, then Elbrus will be the highest peak in Europe; if not, then Mont Blanc. Until unanimity was reached on this issue, we ranked the Caucasus among Europe, and therefore the mountains of the Caucasus (Russia) were included in the list of the highest mountains in Europe.

This article was dedicated to the highest mountains and the highest peaks in the world.

Eight-thousanders - a group of 14 mountains, the peaks of which are located at an altitude of more than 8000 meters above sea level, in the "death zone". These mountains are independent of each other and are located in the Karakorum and Himalaya mountain systems. The "death zone" in the mountains is an altitude of more than 8000 meters, at which there is not enough oxygen for breathing. Low oxygen concentration can cause altitude sickness in a person, in which swelling of the brain or lungs occurs, and even death is possible. Most climbers prefer to avoid this condition and take an oxygen tank with them, but only a few brave climbers have managed to reach the summits above the "death zone" without the help of supplemental oxygen.

The meaning of the eight-thousander mountains

Eight-thousanders have a great influence on the weather and climate in the Indian subcontinent. The great height and length of the mountains acts as a protective barrier from other peoples. The mountains also allow the summer monsoons to bring rain and snow to a region that depends on agriculture. On the slopes of the mountains, special terraces can be located, they allow you to grow crops. Glaciers and snow on the mountains are melting and flooding the watersheds as well as the region's rivers. The Himalayas contain huge reserves in which animals and plants live. The climbing season also attracts thousands of climbing tourists every year.

List of eight-thousanders

The 14 highest mountains in the world included in this list are mountains over 8,000 meters above sea level. Although there are many mountainous regions in the world, it is unlikely that there are other peaks that were not included in this list. For example, Mount Mauna Kea with a height of 4207 meters above sea level, which is located on the island of Hawaii and is a dormant volcano, can be considered the highest volcano and mountain in the world (if we take into account its height from the foot at the bottom of the ocean to the peak, then the height will be 10,203 m), but it is not included in this list.

Below are the 10 highest mountains of our planet, with photos, descriptions, climbing features, as well as characteristics of flora and fauna.

Annapurna I (8,091 m), Nepal

Annapurna I Peak is located in the Annapurna mountain range, in the central part of Nepal and the southern spur of the Himalayas, at an altitude of 8,091 meters above sea level.

Annapurna is only the tenth highest mountain peak in the world, but it is considered one of the most dangerous. On June 3, 1950, French climbers Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal reached the summit of Annapurna, making it the first eight-thousander to be successfully climbed by people on the first attempt. Annapurna I has the highest mortality with about 32% of deaths.

The entire mountain range and the surrounding area belongs to the 7,629 km² Annapurna National Park, which is considered the first and largest protected area in Nepal. It is the most geographically and culturally diverse protected area in the world. There is a steep terrace, lush forest, barren plateaus, mountainous deserts. On the territory of this reserve, 1226 species of plants, 38 species of orchids, 9 species of rhododendrons, 101 species, 478 species of birds, 39 species and 22 species have been found. Annapurna region is the most popular trekking area in Nepal.

Nanga Parbat (8,126 m), Pakistan

Nanga Parbat is the ninth highest mountain in the world and rises to 8,126 meters above sea level. This is one of the most famous peaks in the world. It is located in the western part of the Himalayan range, in the Gilgit-Baltistan region, in northern Pakistan. The first successful ascent was made in 1953 by Hermann Buhl.

This mountain is considered the second most difficult eight-thousander after K2 (the second highest peak in the world), and is also one of the most dangerous. Only after 31 people died trying to conquer the summit, there was a successful ascent in 1953, this peak was nicknamed "Mountain Killer". Nanga Parbat is the third most dangerous 8,000 peak with a fatality rate of 22.3%. By 2012, at least 68 climbers had died on this mountain.

Much of the area around the mountain is now a protected national park so wildlife has a chance to thrive. In the valleys below the mountain there are wide meadows covered with lush grasses and wildflowers. Around them are alpine forests, giving the area a distinctly Swiss feel. Coniferous forests predominate in the higher elevations, although birch and willow dwarf shrubs thrive in shaded areas.

This area is a temporary area for many migratory birds. Approximately 230 species of birds are found annually in the mountainous area, although the exact number is difficult to calculate due to migrations. At lower altitudes, endangered mammals such as the snow leopard, Himalayan bear, musk deer, Himalayan lynx, Marco Polo mountain sheep, etc. live. They cover a variety of habitats, but human presence is a concern.

Manaslu I (8,163 m), Nepal

Manaslu is the eighth largest mountain on the planet and reaches a height of 8,163 m above sea level. It is considered part of the Mansiri-Himal mountain range in the Himalayas. Manaslu was first conquered by the Japanese Toshio Imanishi and Sherpa Gyalzen Norbu on May 9, 1956.

Mount Manaslu is part of the Manaslu Protected Area, declared as such in December 1998. The area covered by the protected area is 1,663 km².

Unlike many other regions, the valley of the mountain is a sanctuary for many endangered animals, including snow leopards and red pandas. Lynx, Himalayan bear, gray wolf, Assamese macaques, etc. can also be found here. More than 110 species of birds, 33 species of mammals, 11 species of butterflies and 3 species of reptiles have been recorded in the area. Wildlife conservation in the area was achieved by the monks who banned hunting.

Lhotse (8516 m), Nepal

The fourth highest mountain in the world is Lhotse. It is part of the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range and reaches a height of 8,516 meters above sea level. The first successful ascent was made by the Swiss Reiss and Luchsinger in 1956.

The mountain range is located in the Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Mount Lhotse is located south of Everest and is joined by a ridge at an altitude of about 7,600 meters. Sometimes it is considered part of the Everest mountain range.

Since Lhotse, like Mount Cho Oyu (see above), are located in the same national park, they have similar flora and fauna.

Kanchenjunga (8,586 m), Nepal

Kangchenjunga is an impressive snow-capped mountain, 8586 m high, which is part of the highest Himalayan mountain range and is located along the border between India and Nepal.

Until 1852, this mountain was considered the highest on Earth. However, later it was determined that Mount Everest and K2 were actually higher, and Kangchenjunga became the third highest eight-thousander in the world. In May 1955, two British climbers, Joe Brown and George Band, were the first to successfully climb the mountain.

Mount Kangchenjunga and its surrounding landscapes, with their varied topography and climatic conditions, provide excellent habitats for a wide variety of plant and animal species. The savannas and grasslands of the Terai Duar form the backbone of the mountainous landscape and are rich in native flora and fauna. Bengal tigers, Indian leopards, one-horned rhinos and Asian elephants are just some of the known mammal species of this ecoregion.

With increasing altitude, changes in temperature and rainfall, the pattern of vegetation also changes. It is an ecosystem of evergreen and deciduous trees and a rich variety of fauna such as red pandas, Assamese macaques, Far Eastern leopards, Himalayan bears, Himalayan taras, musk deer, etc. Above the forest belt are the Eastern Himalayan subalpine coniferous forests with their own flora and fauna. Gradually, the coniferous belt is replaced by alpine meadows and shrubs and, finally, mountain deserts covered with moss and lichens. They lead straight to the icy and snowy peak of Mount Kanchenjunga.

Chogori, or K2 (8611 m), Pakistan

Mount K2, also known as Chogori, is considered the second highest peak in the world at 8,611 km. K2 is part of the Karakoram mountain range located on the China-Pakistan border. The mountain is partly located in the Tashkurgan-Tajik Autonomous County of China and partly in Baltistan, a region in northern Pakistan.

The first successful ascent of K2 was on 31 July 1954 by two Italian climbers Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni. Since then, many attempts have been made to climb K2 with many failures and a few successes. According to statistics, out of every four people who climb the mountain, one dies. The severe weather and harsh topography of the mountain are responsible for the high number of climb-related deaths. K2 is currently one of the most difficult peaks in the world to climb. Nevertheless, the stunning beauty of the mountain and the desire to conquer it attract a large number of daredevils to it every year. K2 also forms a natural and almost impassable border between two countries - China and Pakistan.

The lower valleys of the Karakoram Range receive little rainfall and thus support vegetation adapted to the arid climate of the region. Residents of nearby settlements use water from glaciers to irrigate fields. Animal husbandry is also an important subsistence industry for these people.

The natural vegetation of the lowland region consists of shrubs and woodlands. At altitudes up to 3000 m, deciduous trees and shrubs such as willow, poplar and oleander grow, followed by coniferous vegetation. The snowy summit of K2 has permanent ice and the snow cover prevents the growth of flora. The fauna of the mountainous ecosystems of the Karakoram range includes herbivores as well as endangered predators such as snow leopards, lynxes and brown bears. Bird fauna of the region includes golden eagles and snow vultures.

Everest (8,848 m), Nepal/China

Mount Everest is considered the highest mountain in the world, its peak is at an altitude of 8,848 meters. It is part of the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range, which is shared by Nepal and Tibet (an autonomous region of China).

Previously, there were various arguments as to whether the height of a mountain should be determined by its mountain peak or its snow cap. Measurements made by India in 1955 were the first to record a height of 8,848 meters, and Chinese measurements confirmed this height 20 years later. The mountain was named after India's chief surveyor, Sir George Everest, although he himself opposed the name.

Everest attracts many climbers. The first successful ascent was made by New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay in 1953. Another team of Chinese climbers first reached the summit on a route from Tibet in May 1960. A March 2012 report showed that by then 5,656 climbers had climbed the mountain and 223 deaths had occurred.

There is very little flora and fauna on Everest. At an altitude of 6480 meters you can see moss. A small jumping spider, found at an altitude of 6700 meters, is considered the only non-microscopic animal that lives at such a significant height. Some birds have also been reported to fly at high altitudes. Yaks are used by climbers to carry loads up the mountain. Other animals found on Mount Everest include snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, red panda, Himalayan bear, pika and ants.

The vast majority of the peaks included in the list of the highest mountains of Russia on the map belong to one mountain system - the Greater Caucasus. This huge mountain range is located between the Black and Caspian Seas. The southerners are barely overtaken by three Kamchatka hills - Klyuchevskaya, Kamen and Ploskaya Middle (13th, 18th and 70th places) and two peaks of the Altai Mountains - Belukha and Tavan-Bogdo-Uul (19th and 67th places).

So that Russian climbers do not get bored of the monotony, the Mountaineering Federation decided to include in the conditions for obtaining the most honorary mountaineering title the conquest of not only the eight highest mountains on the list, but also the assault on Belukha and Klyuchevskaya Sopka.

10. Shota Rustaveli, height - 4860 m

Shota Rustaveli Peak is one of the peaks that make up the so-called Bezengi wall - a giant mountain range stretching for 13 km. In addition to Shota Rustaveli peak, the wall is formed by Dzhangitau (fifth place in the ranking), Katyntau (ninth) and Shkhara (sixth).

9. Katyn-Tau - 4970 m

A sad legend is connected with the name of this mountain among the Kabardino-Balkarians. The mountain peak Tetnuld (“white”), one of the most beautiful, invariably admired by tourists for its whiteness, decided to leave his old wife, Katyn (“wife”), for the sake of a young one, Dzhanga (“new”, “young”). Perhaps Tetnuld was a climber - the height of Katyn does not reach 5 km, but Dzhangy, or Dzhangitau, ranks fifth in the list of the highest mountains in Russia.

8. Mizhirgi - 5025 m

The list of Russian "five-thousanders" begins with Mizhirga - the highest and most dangerous mountains in Russia, which every climber dreams of climbing. Mizhirgi, despite the modest eighth place in height, the mountain is very capricious and bypasses higher peaks in terms of difficulty.

7. Kazbek - 5034 m

This is one of the most beautiful peaks of the Greater Caucasus Range. Her image flaunts on many covers of travel magazines, photographs, postcards and stamps. A lone white peak of a regular conical shape (once Kazbek was a volcano) stands out sharply against the background of verdant foothills. Unfortunately, due to the difficult geopolitical situation, climbing Mount Kazbek is no longer as frequent as it used to be.

6. Shkhara - 5068 m

One of the most favorite peaks for climbers, and the highest mountain in the central part of the Caucasus Range. You can climb it with a variety of routes, and several peaks will allow you to appreciate the beauty of the surrounding places from new points of view.

According to the results of recent measurements, Shkhara can move from sixth place to third - according to the latest data, its height is 5193.2 m. However, there is no doubt which is the highest mountain in Russia - the first place is ahead of all the others with a margin of almost half a kilometer.

5. Dzhangitau - 5085 m

Like Mizhirgi, Dzhangitau is considered one of the most difficult and dangerous peaks. Just three years ago, an experienced climber fell off its slopes (with a fatal outcome), and a couple of years before he had to rescue a climbing group by helicopter.

4. Pushkin Peak - 5100 m

Most often, they prefer to climb Pushkin Peak from the south side. However, experienced climbers prefer the north side - in addition to a slightly more difficult route, you can admire the enchanting beauty of the surrounding nature.

3. Koshtantau - 5152 m

The top three among the highest mountains in Russia is opened by Koshtantau. Sometimes she is merciful to climbers and endows them with beautiful weather, making the ascent easy and enjoyable. However, this rarely happens; most often, the capricious beauty prefers to dress up in an ice robe, which makes the ascent much more difficult.

The conquest of Koshtantau began with a tragedy - two English climbers and their Swiss guides died while trying to climb it. Since then, several routes have been laid on the mountain, but they all have increased difficulty - from 4B to 6A (for comparison: the lowest category is 1B, the highest is 6B, and category 6A is in second place, up to 6B).

2. Dykhtau - 5204 m

The poetic genius of the Balkar people decided to rest on the name Dykhtau. Translated from this language, the name simply means "steep mountain". It's almost like a nickname.

The mountain looks severe - granite-gneiss rocks, of which Dykhtau is composed, are dark in color. And in contrast to the white snow and clouds (occurring at a lower height than the top), they look especially gloomy.

The difficulty of climbing the mountain corresponds to its serious appearance - more than ten routes have been laid to the double peaks of Dykhtau, but even the easiest of them belongs to category 4A, above average.

1. The highest mountain in Russia - Elbrus, 5642 m

On the border between the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, there is the Lateral Range of the Caucasus Mountain Range, where Elbrus, the highest mountain in Russia, is located. Elbrus has two peaks - western and eastern; the difference between them is 21 m.

This mountain is not simple; it is a legacy of those times when the young Caucasus mountains were still fire-breathing. Elbrus is a huge volcano, fortunately extinct a long time ago. Over the past tens of millennia, Elbrus has been covered with a shell of ice of enormous thickness - in some places it reaches 250 m, which is equal to the height of an eighty-story building.

Despite the awesome height (Elbrus is considered the highest mountain not only in Russia, but also in Europe, and is also among the top ten), the temperament of the mountain is not evil and the path to the top has long been found. The first ascent of Elbrus took place in the first third of the 19th century. Since then, no one has been there! People climbed not only on foot, but also on horses, motorcycles and cars. They carried ATVs and even 75-kilogram barbells with them. And since the beginning of the 1990s, there have been regular competitions in high-speed ascent to the snow giant. From the foot to the top of Elbrus, the journey takes exactly 3 hours 28 minutes 41 seconds.

List of 80 highest mountain peaks in Russia

The table shows mountain peaks with a height of at least 4000 meters and located on the territory of the Russian Federation.