home · Vietnam · Description of the fountain. How does the fountain work? How to make Heron's fountain: what can be improved

Description of the fountain. How does the fountain work? How to make Heron's fountain: what can be improved

It is famous for many such structures that were built in estates, on the territory of palaces. But they began to decorate streets, parks, boulevards with them especially actively in the first half of the 20th century. Today there are 700 various water structures in the capital. The fountain season in Moscow is from early spring to autumn.

The meaning of fountains

They have always played a big role in the lives of native Muscovites and guests of the capital. Someone remembers the first date, which took place in the square near the fountain; others will never forget the wedding day at the magnificent cascade that can be seen on Poklonnaya Hill.

It is a pity that today we more often perceive this splendor as a kind of device that tells us about the change of the season. Turned off - it means winter is coming, turned on - it means summer is ahead. Preoccupied with our problems, we run past these magnificent structures without appreciating their beauty. Let's stop running for a moment and look at some of the fountains that adorn our capital.

Fountain at the Bolshoi Theater

This grandiose monument is known not only to Muscovites, to all residents of the former Soviet Union, but also to many citizens of foreign countries. It is the hallmark of the capital.

It was built in 1835. The author of the project - I. Vitali - a well-known sculptor at that time. His creation became the first public fountain in Moscow, although similar designs have been known since the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich. It was he who arranged water fun in Kolomenskoye using "overseas curiosities".

It was planned to place the fountain on this site as early as the beginning of 1940. V. I. Dolganov worked on the creation of the project, but all the plans of urban planners were destroyed by the war. This issue was returned only after the Great Victory. In 1987, the fountain and square near the Bolshoi Theater were dismantled. The fountain was restored only ten years later. The opening was timed to coincide with the 850th anniversary of our capital. But it was a different fountain, developed in the workshop of the Mosproekt-2 company.

The fountain was erected on a makeshift podium in the center of the round square. The composition consists of three bowls, in which there are two types of vases. Spectacular night illumination with multi-colored lanterns adds theatricality to this magnificent water structure.

Today, many fountains work in the capital. Moscow is proud of these unique structures, but the attitude towards the design of the Bolshoi Theater was and remains special to this day. Perhaps because this place was chosen for meetings by our dear veterans of the Great Patriotic War on the day of the Great Victory.

"Mermaid" on Myasnitskaya

The photos of which you see in our article are all very different. They were built at different times, designed by different architects, but they are all infinitely dear to the residents of the capital. Like, for example, the Mermaid fountain located on Myasnitskaya Street. It is located in a small but cozy square near the Stroganov Art School.

Today there is no reliable information about who is the author and performer of the water maiden. This concrete sculpture in the center of the bowl is the body of a beautiful girl. It's beautifully curved. and the head of the maiden are painted in pink, blue and brown.

"The Abduction of Europe"

There are very unusual and original fountains in the capital. Moscow received as a gift from the Belgian capital, the city of Brussels, a composition called "The Abduction of Europe". It was installed in 2002 at the Kievsky railway station. Its author is the avant-garde sculptor Olivier Strebl.

The composition of the fountain is based on the interweaving of 18-meter pipes, the figure of a bull is visible. It is not easy to see the figure of stolen Europe among the water jets, although experts say that the image of a girl is still present in the composition. It is symbolized by skillfully curved pipes, visualizing charm and femininity.

The structure, made of stainless pipes, is located in the granite bowl of the light-dynamic fountain. Its diameter is 26 meters.

Singing fountains in Moscow

Probably, even native Muscovites have not seen all the water facilities that are in their city. As we have already said, in the capital you can see a variety of fountains. Moscow treats old structures with care, many of which today are historical monuments.

However, the greatest interest is caused by water structures with special effects. every evening gather not only tourists from all over the world, but also local residents. The largest such fountain is located in the Tsaritsyno nature reserve, where Empress Catherine II liked to relax.

It was opened in 2007. The fountain is located in a natural reservoir. Its diameter is 55 meters, depth is 1.5 meters. The design consists of 900 jets. The computer controls the direction of flowing water, changing colors, music, according to a pre-designed program. It uses 2 works by P. I. Tchaikovsky (“March” and “Waltz of the Flowers”) and two melodies by Paul Mauriat. This beautiful fountain operates only in the spring and summer season. During the rest of the year it is covered with a protective awning.

There is also a singing fountain in Gorky Park. To see its color effects, you need to come to the park at 22.30. The performance lasts 30 minutes.

In 2005, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the victory in the Second World War, the Music of Glory fountain was installed on the Square of Glory near the Kuzminki metro station. This building was created not for entertainment, but as a monument.

How is the fountain arranged?

Almost every person in his life faced with fountains. But few people can explain how this device works. Most will say something like: "Water beats up under pressure." And this is, on the whole, a correct explanation, but too short. Let's try to figure it out.

The constituent elements of the fountain

Any product has two mandatory elements:

A bowl that hides structural elements under a layer of water, and also to some extent performs the function of distributing water jets in different directions;

A pump that provides water spray.

In addition, modern models, whether they are fountains in the courtyard of a country house or in a city park, have other structural elements:

Make-up system that provides the required water level in the device;

A drain system that allows you to completely or partially drain the water, this element is especially important during the preparation of the product for winter;

A system of nozzles that are responsible for creating a water pattern;

backlight;

Filters;

Transformer system and other devices to control pumps and lighting.

Closed fountain system

Theoretically, fountains are both closed and open. But in the modern world, it is closed ones that are most often found.

Their main feature is that the water in them moves in a circle, passing through the filter system, splashing, and then returning to the cycle again.

Now they make fountains in the square, and products for private residences, and even home models, although they are most often connected to the water supply system. The main advantages of such models:

Easy to install, they require less complex connection and wiring;

Saving water, which has a positive effect both on the environment in general and on the owner’s expenses in particular;

autonomy and independence;

More favorable price.

How the fountain works

Almost all fountains work on the same principle:

Water from the tank, which in most cases becomes a bowl, passes through filters, is cleaned and enters the pipe;

With the help of a pump, water is pumped upwards, passes through a system of pipes and sprinklers and exits in the form of a pattern of jets conceived by the designer;

Finally, she returns to the tank again.

For the correct operation of the product, you need to correctly select the pump, its power is directly related to the number and size of the water jets.

A country house is a place for relaxation and rest from hectic days. Therefore, it is not surprising that people are trying in every possible way to decorate their summer cottage. A flower bed, a front garden and a cozy garden are a small part of those landscape design components that can be added to the territory. But you can decorate the lawn with a fountain. And thanks to the spray of water in the nearest area there will be fresh air. The article describes the device of a fountain and a waterfall in a summer cottage

Outdoor fountains: classification

Decorative designs, depending on the technique of execution, are of the following varieties:

  1. Stationary.
  2. Submersible.
  3. Cascading.

A stationary fountain is often installed in a city park. However, it can also be built on a personal plot, decorated with decorative elements: marble statues, sculptures, natural stones and other design items. During the construction of these structures, polymer concrete is used - a durable and frost-resistant material. As a result, the structure will be light, durable and protected from decay.

A submersible waterfall is considered simple in execution, which consists of a pump, a receiving tank, a pipeline and a nozzle. The purpose of the last structural element is to spray the water jet in different compositions. The structure can be decorated with natural stone and flowers, and its construction is cheap. In addition, the installation of a fountain and a waterfall in a summer cottage optimizes the humidity and temperature indicators of the nearby backyard area.

The design of the cascade type is somewhat reminiscent of a pyramid. In this case, the water falls from top to bottom, thus forming a continuous stream that washes each stage.

Principle of operation

Depending on the technique of the device, fountains are:

  1. Flowing.
  2. Circulating.

To organize the first option, it is necessary to equip the structure with a water supply and drainage system. Fountains of this type work according to this principle: the water rises, and then falls and goes into the sewer. The main advantage is that the structure performs a useful function: flow structures are sometimes used for watering gardens, lawns and flower beds.

For the operation of a fountain of a circulation type, it is necessary to ensure the circulation of water, which will fill the reservoir. After that, the liquid rises with the help of a pump to a special nozzle, which already sprays water. The advantage of this structure is that it does not require water supply and sewerage for its operation. However, sometimes it is necessary to replenish the tanks, as the liquid gradually evaporates.

If the fountain is equipped with a pump, then thanks to this mechanism, the water will rise. As a rule, small aesthetic structures are made without the mentioned unit. Do-it-yourself construction of a decorative structure is a laborious and costly process, but it's worth it: a fountain in the country house will give the garden an unforgettable look.

Optimal location

The size and type of the fountain are the main parameters that affect the choice of the site where the structure will be installed. In addition, a decorative structure should not be installed next to trees, since falling leaves can damage the pump or clog the filter. In addition, the structure cannot be placed near the house: due to high humidity, the foundation of the building will deteriorate over time.

The following factors should be considered when choosing a location:

  • wind direction (the fountain will get dirty if you install it on the leeward side);
  • natural lightening of the area (water will begin to bloom if it is constantly exposed to sunlight);
  • the presence of a nearby power supply for the operation of the pump.

The ideal place is a plot surrounded by low trees and flowers. For the rational arrangement of fountains in parks, as a rule, they are located near gazebos or playgrounds.

Necessary equipment

Details for the fountain and waterfall are basic, additional and decorative. The first includes the following equipment:

  1. The bowl is a water tank of the structure.
  2. The electric pump (remote or submersible) is the engine of the water flow.
  3. Nozzles - parts with which the shape of the jet is regulated.
  4. PVC pipes, tees, faucets, gate valves, couplings and adapters are elements for the water supply of fountains and waterfalls.

The service life and performance of the structure depends on the quality of the main parts. However, simple structures can be made without some elements (for example, a pump is not needed for a single-tier mini-fountain). But a bowl is an obligatory part, but the following accessories can be attributed to additional equipment:

  1. Cleaning filter.
  2. Water control sensor.
  3. Expansion tank.
  4. Wind speed sensor.
  5. Sound equipment.
  6. Lanterns and waterproof lamps for illumination.
  7. Control cabinet.

The price of the fountain directly depends on the cost of the installed parts.

Choice of bowl material

For the device of fountains and waterfalls, stone (natural or artificial), stainless steel, plastic, concrete or fiberglass are used.

Marble is an expensive material from which the most beautiful designs are obtained. It is difficult to work with this stone, but if all the technical conditions are met, the result will be a durable decorative structure.

Natural granite is another high quality building material used for fountains. Its advantage is that it can be used to make a design of any color.

Garden fountains built of sandstone or shungite will look good in a summer cottage. In addition, these materials are easy to process and poorly absorb moisture. It should be noted: a bowl made of coral sandstone will retain its original appearance for 15 years.

A concrete fountain is a cheap but short-lived option. It is better to give such a structure an original look: it can be painted or overlaid with facing material (for example, tiles).

When arranging a fountain, you need to make or buy a waterproof and reliable tank yourself. As you know, experts recommend purchasing bowls made of stone or fiberglass.

Pump selection

This element is considered the so-called heart of the fountain. The pump works in this way: the unit takes and purifies water thanks to a special filter, and then throws clean liquid into the bowl through the nozzles. When buying, you need to pay attention to its operating voltage, power and performance. The technological device of the pump for a decorative fountain is of two types:

  1. Submersible (piston).
  2. Remote (superficial).

The piston pump is a low-voltage device for small fountains. It must be mounted on the bottom of the water tank.

Surface equipment is applied to multi-level garden fountains. It must be installed near the structure, but first the electrical appliance must be protected from precipitation and sunlight. To do this, you can use a special protective film or put the pump in a plastic box. Such expensive equipment is noisy, but this is a quality pump that will last for many years.

Optional equipment

To make a fountain with visual effects, you can use a variety of sprayers. Thanks to these details, it will be easy to adjust the water jet, which can be given the appearance of a water wall, geyser or bubbles.

The fountain can be supplemented with decorative lighting, which can be of the following types:

  1. Surface (lanterns are installed along the perimeter of the structure).
  2. Floating (solar powered).
  3. Underwater lighting, which uses moisture-resistant lamps.

Often, colored 12-volt LED strips are used for these purposes.

Fountain device technology: step by step instructions

The initial stage is the preparation of the pit, the shape of which depends on the dimensions of the future structure. As a rule, the depth of the excavation is 50 cm. Next, you need to level and tamp the bottom, and then lay a layer of rubble on it.

The next step is the construction of two formworks, the minimum distance between which should be 30 cm. The first is erected on the outside of the fountain, and the second on the inside. After that, it is necessary to reinforce the walls and the bottom of the structure with a steel mesh

Then the bottom must be poured with concrete mortar and the space between the formworks, which is necessary for the manufacture of the sides of the fountain, must be filled. But there is one caveat: first you need to fill the bottom of the bowl and wait until the concrete has completely hardened. Only after that you can start building the sides.

The device of the fountain does not end there, because then you need to install a pump. The technique for performing this step depends on the type of equipment. The device is connected to electricity and water supply, which means that you can check its operation.

The final stage is facing the fountain with natural stone or other finishing material, and the sides of the bowl can be decorated with flowers and statues.

Waterfall construction

First you need to dig a pit according to the project documentation. If the waterfall is intended for breeding fish, then its minimum depth should be 1 meter. So that the structure does not deform during operation, the walls of the pit must be carefully compacted and moistened. The prepared bottom must be covered with a 10-centimeter layer of sand.

The structure must be covered with a waterproofing material (for example, plastic wrap). After that, it is necessary to fill the pit with concrete mixture.

To make a cascade, for this it is better to buy a ready-made form in a hardware store. But it can also be made independently from flat cameos connected with cement mortar.

As pumping equipment for a small waterfall 1.5 meters high, you can use a device with a power of 70 watts. The pressure hose should be installed at the top of the cascade, and it is better to place the water supply pipes behind the stones.

Construction cost

Before starting work on the arrangement of the fountain, it is necessary to draw up an estimate of the object being built. Initially, it must be taken into account that a foundation must be erected under a massive structure, therefore the cost of organizing the foundation is a key aspect that must be recorded in the document. In addition, the estimate for the installation of the fountain includes the following parameters:

  1. Building height.
  2. The total area of ​​the object.
  3. The material from which the bowl (reservoir) is made.

If the lining of the fountain was made, then it must also be taken into account when calculating the costs. The total cost depends on:

  • fountain type;
  • the complexity of the work;
  • installation of additional equipment;
  • scope of work on the foundation;
  • design complexity;
  • consumable quality.

In any case, a garden fountain is an expensive landscape decoration.

Conclusion

The article described the device of the fountain. To build this structure, you need to perform a few simple steps and spend some money. However, if finances allow, then you can independently make a unique work of art. In addition, the article tells what elements this aesthetic structure consists of.

How does the fountain work? and got the best answer

Answer from Aleksandr Karnaukh[guru]
Fountain - a device in which water beats from a source (lat. fons), falls into a bowl of some kind and is used again. Fountains are classified into sculptural, static, color-dynamic and musical fountains.
Any fountain is a water cycle. The reservoir can be a real pond inhabited by living creatures and plants, or a modest plastic container hidden in the base of the sculpture.
The device of the fountain can also be carried out "on land". This is usually done when it comes to stone decorative fountains or sculptural compositions with flowing water. In this case, a fountain bowl is arranged under the base of the sculpture. The height of the decorative fountain depends on the pressure of the water and the size of the reservoir, the shape of the fountain depends on the nozzle. The nozzle forms the water flow, and this ultimately determines the appearance of the fountain.
The device of any fountain is a cycle in which water rises up with the help of a pump and then flows down the stone into a container. Thus, we are talking about a closed system in which the used water is gradually renewed, since the initial supply of water is no longer enough by a certain time.
The fountain brings the noise, movement and sparkle of water into the garden. Fountains look great in decorative ponds. The device of the fountains is very diverse - large bowls with water falling from one bowl to another, or simple gutters that produce a soft murmur of water flowing into the urn. In addition to the many free-standing decorative fountains, there are also natural-style fountains where water flows directly from pebbles, millstones or rocks.
Today it doesn’t even matter if there is a natural reservoir in the suburban area: modern technology allows you to build a decorative fountain almost from scratch
Source: wikipedia and

Answer from 3 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: How does a fountain work?

Water and its sources have always been attractive to people. This applies not only to natural sources of water, but also to those created by the forces and skills of man himself. Of course, we are talking about fountains.

What is the attraction of these structures? In those positive emotions that this non-stop circulation of water can cause, so alluring and magical. The device of the fountain can be different, modern technologies allow you to create a project of a fountain that actually works from scratch.

The classical scheme of the fountain device assumes the presence of two mandatory elements:

  • bowls - its purpose is to separate the water flow in different directions. Another task of the bowl is to hide piping, equipment for adjusting water jets and lighting elements under a layer of water;
  • pumping station, located in most cases in the underground part of the fountain. Pumping equipment is usually represented by two pumps - main and standby.

There is also a recharge system that allows you to maintain the water level necessary for the normal functioning of the fountain. Most often, this system works in automatic mode using a solenoid valve connected to the control system.

The opening of the valve occurs when a signal is given from the measuring electrodes about the drop in the water level to the minimum allowable. After reaching the normal level, the valve closes automatically.

The fountain drain system is designed to remove water in anticipation of the winter period or to clean the bowl.

A lighting system can be included in the fountain device, consisting of:

  • hermetic lamps installed in the bowl;
  • control system, consisting of a timer, step-down transformers and other equipment installed in the pumping station.

Types of fountains

Depending on the design features, fountains can be:

  • static;
  • color dynamic;
  • sculptural;
  • musical.

A reservoir for ensuring the circulation of water in a fountain can be either a natural source - a river, a lake, a pond, or a very small container, specially installed and decorated in plants or sculptures.

The appearance of the fountain determines its functional features. It can perform not only an aesthetic function, but also be a source of decorative lighting, as well as moisten and cool the hot summer air.
The principle of operation of the fountain explains in detail the video: